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both how to move film th ough the Kinetograph camera
and how to propel the picture through a machine in
order to see it –the Kinetoscope. By moving a 35mm-wide
film strip th ough a shutter mechanism, he was able to
expose 16 under developed frames per second. This was
the beginning of cinematography. “Nickelodeons” were
introduced in 1894 after the invention was patented by
Edison. To this day, with an increase to 24 frames
per second, this is the standard employed. portrayed
Glossary on
page 86
This was only the beginning, as Edison’s firs
wilderness effort did not project moving pictures. Projected moving
pictures were first p oduced by the Lumiere brothers in
France. Their first p oductions, which realistically portrayed
scenes from everyday life, wereshown in Paris on December
28, 1895, and they were a big hit. Their company continued
using its new techniques until 1905 when they retired from
the business. Some of these techniques included close-ups,
setting a stage, with respect to placing the actors, scenery,
and properties, a sequence of events, and expanding
their catalogue by “shooting reality”. By the end of the
century, Edison had some competition. Both the Biograph

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